Syllabus of Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology COURSE - SECOND YEAR

Syllabus of Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology COURSE - SECOND YEAR 

 

1.     Microbiology including parasitology and immunology.

2.     Pathology.

3.     Biochemistry.

SUBJECT: MICROBIOLOGY - 2ND YEAR

1. INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY-DEFINITION, HISTORY, HOST-MICROBE RELATIONSHIP.

2. SAFETY MEASURES IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

3. GLASSWARE USED IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY- INTRODUCTION, CARE AND HANDLING OF GLASSWARE, CLEANING OF GLASSWARE

4. EQUIPMENTS USED IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY - INTRODUCTION, CARE & MAINTENANCE

 5. MICROSCOPY - INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY, TYPES OF MICROSCOPES: - (a) LIGHT MICROSCOPE. (b) DGI, (c) FLUROSCENT, (d) PHASE CONTRAST, (e) ELECTRON MICROSCOPE :-) TRANSMISSION, () SCANNING. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIONAL
MECHANISMS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF MICROSCOPES
.

6. STERILIZATION - DEFINITION, Definitions, TYPES AND PRINCIPLES OF STERILIZATION (Disinfectants and Antiseptics), METHODS - (a) HEAT (DRY HEAT, MOIST HEAT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOAUTOCLAVE). (b) RADIATION, (c) FILTRATION, EFFICIENCY TESTING TO VARIOUS STERILIZERS,Major Groups of Disinfectants, Gaseous Sterilisation, Laboratory Evaluation of Disinfectants.

7. ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS - DEFINITION, TYPES AND PROPERTIES, MODE OF ACTION, USES OF VARIOUS DISINFECTANTS, PRECAUTIONS WHILE USINGTHE DISINFECTANTS, QUALITIES OF A GOOD DISINFECTANTS, TESTING EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS DISINFECTANTS.

8. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN A MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY - TYPES OF THE WASTE GENERATED, SEGREGATION, TREATMENT, DISPOSAL

9. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS & CLASSIFICATION OF MICROBES - (BACTERIA & FUNGI):- CLASSIFICATION OF MICROBES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE 
TOPROKARYOTES & EUKARYOTES, MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA BACTERIAL ANATOMY (BACTERIAL CELL STRUCTURES)

1. HUMAN PARASITOLOGY PROTOZOA- classification, morphology life cycle (Diagrammatic) and lab diagnosis (short) E. Histolylica, giardia intestinalis, malaria parasite, trichomonas, leishmania, trypanosome, and toxoplasma.

2. NEMATODES CLASSIFICATION, morphology life cycle (Diagrammatic) and lab diagnosis (Short) ascaris, ankylostoma duodenale, enterbius, vermicularis, trichuris, strongyloides, dracunculus., Wuchereria, banacrofti, Onchocerea.

 3. PLATYHELINTHES CLASSIFICATION - Names with general outline, morphology, life cycle (Chart) Lab Diagnosis (Short) Teaenla sollum Taenia saginata Hymenolepis nana Echinococus granulosus

4. SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY Morphology, culture, Identification and laboratory diagnosis.

4.1 GRAM POSITIVE COCCI - staphylococci, streptococci, preumococci.

4.2 GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI –

4.3 GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI - Classification of enterobacteriraccae. - Morphology - Culture 

• BIOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS. - Laboratory diagnosis, Coli, klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio Pseudomonas. 5. Fastidious

5.1 HAEMOPLILUS

5.2 GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI - Morphology, culture, biochemical identification and lab diagnosis. Corynebacteriam. - Clostridium – Bacillus

 5.3 SPIROCHACTES - Morphology and serological (T. Pallidum diagnosis) 

5.4 MYCOBACTERIA - Morphology classification identification by biochemical tests. 6. Virology 

10. GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF MICROBES - GENERAL NUTRITIONAL & OTHER REQUIREMENTS OF THE BACTERIA, NUTRITIONAL TYPES OF THE BACTERIAAUTOTROPHS, HETEROTROPHS, PHOTOTROPHS, CHEMOTROPHS, SAPROTROPHS. ITHOTROPHS & ORGANOTROPHS. PHOTOAUTOTROPHS. CHEMOHETEROTROPHS, PHOTOORGANOTROPHIC, HETEROTROPHS, CHEMOLITHOTROPHIC AUTOTROPHS MIXOTROPHIC. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR GROWTH, NORMAL GROWTH CYCLE OF BACTERIA (GROWTH CURVE), AND TYPES OF MICROBIAL CULTURES: SYNCHRONOUS, STATIC, CONTINUOUS CULTURE.

IMMUNOLOGY 

 1 ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTION - Principles and practical application of various types of serological tests - Precipitation, agglutination, complement fixation test, neutralization, ELISA, Radio immuno assays, electrophoresis, immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction (in short). 

2 HYPER SENSITIVITY - Definition and type only.

REFERENCE BOOKS LINK 

SUBJECT: BIO-CHEMISTRY- :- Blo-chemistry Imparts knowledge of basic chemical components Le carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals etc. which are very important for various biochemical reactions going on in human body. Disturbance in various normal biochemical reactions may result during disease process. Therefore, their study helps in diagnosis of disease

 1. TERMS - NORMAL SOLUTION, MOLAR SOLUTION, SATURATED SOLUTION, UNSATURATED SOLUTION AND BUFFER SOLUTION.

 2. PREPARATION OF SOLUTION - NORMAL, MOLAR, SATURATED, UNSATURATED AND BUFFER.

3. CLEARING - GLASS WARES

4. PIPPETS: - TYPES AND USE OF PIPPETS.

5. PH-DETERMINATION OF UNKNOWN

6. CALORIMETER: TYPES COMPONENTS USE AND MAINTENANCE.

7. DISTILLATION – WATER

8. PROTIENS - AMINO ACIDS, ESSENTIAL AMMINO, PROTIENS, DENATURIATION OF PROTIENS, METABOLISM FORMATION OF UREA, CREATININE etc. DETERMINATIONOF PLASMA PROTIENS (ALBUMEN, GLOBULIN, and FIBRINOGEN) BLOOD UREA, URIC ACID & CREATININE 9. NUCLEIC ACIDS - DNA, RNA, AND THEIR IMPORTNACE.

10. CARBOHYDRATES - CLASIFICATION, PROPERTIES METABOLISM, DEIFNITION OF GLYCOLYSIS, GLYCOGENELYSIS, GLUCONEGESIS AND HORMONAL REGULATION OFBLOOD SUGAR. DIABETES MELLITUS KETOSIS, GLYCOURIA, WATER AND MINERAL METABOLISM, DETERMINATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE, GTT & INSULIN TOLERANCETEST

11. LIPIDS - DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION, STERIODS, METABOLISM, TRIGLYCERIDES, CHOLESTROAL, PLASMALIPOOPROTIENS-KETONE DODIES AND KETOSURIA DETERMINATION OF SERUM CHOLESTROL, HDL, LDL, VLDL & TRIGLYCERIDES.

12. ELECTROLYTES IN BODY FLUIDS - SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS & CHLORIDES-DETERMINATION & CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.

13. ENZYMES - ASSAYS IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES: - (a) CREATINE KINASE, (b) PHOSPHATASE (ACID & ALKALINE), (c) TRANSAMINASE (SGOT & SGPT), (d) AMYLASE.

14. JAUNDICE - DEFINITION AND ITS TYPES, ESTIMATION OF SERUM BILIRUBIN (TOTAL DIRECT & INDIRECT) AND ITS MEDICAL IMPORTANT

15. LIVER FUNCTION TEST (LFT: - AND SERUM BILIRUBIN ESTIMATION (TOTAL DIRECT & INDIRECT) AND ITS MEDICAL IMPORTANT. AND THAIR PROCEDURE AND PURPUSE

16. RENAL FUNCTION TEST (RFT). -. Kidney function tests, urine formation, normal and abnormal constituents

17. HORMONES - DEFINITION & FUNCTIONS OF SOME IMPORTANT HORMONES. RADIOISOMETRIC ASSAYS FOR T3, T4 & TSH.

Biochemical examination of body fluids - CSF, pleural, ascetic fluid. Candidate must be given

practical training in clinical biochemistry lab. 

1.     Hanging drop preparation

2.     Biochemical reaction - Inoculation and interpretation.

3.     Antibiotic sensitivity tests.

4.     Collection of blood for culture sensitivity.

5.     Collection of skin scrapping for fungus - KOH and lacto phenol preparation. 

  Bio-chemistry. –THEORY PART

•   Digestion, absorption and assimilation of carbohydrates, blood sugar, regulation of blood sugar glycolysis, TCA, Cycle, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, GTT, metabolic ciated with carbohydrate metabolism, diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin.
•  Digestion, absorption of proteins, amino acids, urea formation, and formation of creatinine, metabolic, disorders associated with amino acid metabolism, electrophoretic separation of proteins
•    Digestion and absorption and assimilation of lipids, ketone, bodies formation metabolic disorders associated with lipids, cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism.
•  Metabolic disorders associated with nucleic acid metabolism, gout etc. 
•    Liver function tests and different type of jaundice
•   Cardiac profile tests application and significance.
•  Pancreatic enzymes and diagnostic importance.
•   Chemistry of blood, composition and importance of different constituents,
•  Hemoglobin ......... biosynthesis, porphyrias.and its composition and diagnostic significance.
•   Constituents of gastric juice and diagnostic importance.
•   Principles of special investigation like RIA, ELISA and chemiluminescence.
•   Normal values, normal range, interpretative clinical chemistry, 
• quality controls -Internal and external.
•   Automation in clinical investigation - Auto and semi analyzers, continuous flow analyzers, discrete analyzers, batch analyzers random access auto analyzer, dry chemistry analyzers - Reagents kits.
•    Recording of patients date, reporting values, preparation of

 REFERENCE BOOKS  LINK