Renal Function Test
The urinary
system is made up of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, the bladder, and the
urethra.
Renal Function Test
The two
kidneys form and excrete urine. The urine is carried from each kidney through a
ureter to the urinary bladder by peristalsis. The urine is temporarily stored
in the bladder before it is voided through the urethra to the exterior .
The kidneys
are located one on each side of the vertebral column at the posterior side of
the abdomen. Each kidney is bean shaped and is enclosed in a capsule of fibrous
tissue. Beneath the capsule is the cortex followed by the medulla.
The medulla
consists of renal pyramids which converge into the renal pelvis.
The hilum is the point from where renal arteries and nerves enter and renal
veins leave the kidney.
The
functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. There are one million nephrons in
each kidney. The nephron itself is made up of a cup shaped structure known as
Bowman's capsule, which surrounds a mass of capillaries, the glomerulus, the
proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule.
RENAL FUNCTION - CLICK HERE
1. Maintenance of water and electrolyte balance
of the bod
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Renal Function Test |
2. Maintenance of blood pH
3. Excretion
4. Filtration
5. Production of erythropoeitin
6. Reabsorption
7. Concentration of urine
RENAL FUNCTION TESTS
Non-Protein Nitrogen (NPN)
Renal
function is traditionally monitored by the determination of non-protein
nitrogenous substances. The term non-protein nitrogen (NPN) originated from
early days of clinical chemistry when analytical methods required protein to be
removed before analysis. There are about 15 components of NPN and majority of
them arise from the catabolism of proteins and nucleic acids. The important
components are urea, amino acids, uric acid, creatinine, creatine and ammonia.
Reducing
Substances
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