Chemical Examination of urine

Chemical Examination of urine

Chemical Examination:-Various methods are used for detecting abnormal chemical substances in the urine. Most of these methods are qualitative. Dry reagent strips are commercially available for chemical examination of urine. 

 Chemical Examination of urine

• These test strips can either be single or multiple test strips with one or more test sites. They are plastic strips impregnated with appropriate reagents.

• The strip is dipped in urine, chemicals come in contact with the specific substance in urine, thereby producing a chemical reaction, which is denoted by a colour change. 
• The amount of the substance is roughly proportional to the intensity of the colour. The reagent strips are based on similar principles as traditional chemical tests. 
• They are more convenient to use, less time consuming, and more cost-effective. They are also space-saving, completely disposable and need only a small volume of urine. 
• It is important, however, to be familiar with the underlying principle in each test.In the following sections, some of the tests for detecting certain chemical substances in urine have been described in detail.

1.PROTEIN TEST 
2.BENCE JONES PROTEIN

3.GLUCOSE TEST

4.TEST FOR KETONE BODIES(KETONES)
5.BILIRUBIN AND UROBILINOGEN TEST
6.PORPHOBILINOGEN in urine 
7.UROBILIN IN URINE
8.LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE IN URINE 
9.NITRITE IN URINE

Chemical Examination of urine
Types of chemical examination in urine analysis	Name of the method for  chemical examination
1.PROTEIN TEST	Boiling and acetic acid test Sulphosalicylic acid test
2.BENCE JONES PROTEIN	Heat and acetic acid test
3.GLUCOSE TEST	Benedict's Test (Qualitative) Benedict's qualitative Method Commercial Strips for Glucose Test For Fructose-Seliwanoff's Test Test For Lactose Fearon's Methylamine Test Test For Pentose-Bial's test
4.TEST FOR KETONE BODIES(KETONES)	Acetest Tablet Test (Ames) Reagent Strip Tests for Ketones NitroprussideTube Test (Modified Rothera's Test) Gerhardt'sTest for Acetoacetic Acid and Salicylates
5.BILIRUBIN	Fouchet's test Ictotesttablet test (Ames) Procedure for reagent strip test
6UROBILINOGEN TEST	Ehrlich'stest Urobilinogenstriptests   Bilugen(Boehringer)test Watson-Schwartz Test
7.PORPHOBILINOGEN in urine	Watson-Schwartz Test
8.LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE IN URINE
9.NITRITE IN URINE

 Chemical Examination of urine